What is an RMD? A required minimum distribution (also called an RMD or MRD) is a yearly, mandatory withdrawal from a tax-deferred retirement account, like a traditional IRA, 401(k), or 403(b) plan, which you must start taking when you reach the IRS defined age.
What is the IRS defined age at which I must start my RMD? You must take your first required minimum distribution (RMD) for the year in which you turn age 73.
What is the deadline for taking my first RMD? After reaching the appropriate age, the IRS requires you to take a required minimum distribution (RMD) from a workplace saving plan by December 31 each year. However, if this is the first year you are required to take an RMD, you have the option to delay it until April 1 of the year after you reach age 73.
If you continue to work beyond age 73, you might not have to take an RMD until you retire, unless you own at least 5% of your business. If you don't own at least 5% of the business, you might be able to delay taking distributions until April 1 of the year after you retire. If you defer your first RMD until April 1, then you will receive two RMDs that year. The first RMD must be distributed by April 1 for the prior tax year, and the second RMD must be distributed by December 31, for the current tax year. Please check with your plan administrator for your plan rules and to learn when you'll need to start your distributions.
How do I get started to take my first RMD? You can opt to take one-time distributions for your RMDs year after year, but the easiest way to satisfy your RMD is by setting up automatic withdrawals. This way, you avoid the potentially costly consequences of forgetting to take your RMD. Distributions can be taken in the form of a check sent to you, or a transfer to your bank, brokerage, or cash management account. You choose when you want to receive the funds, monthly, annually, or a schedule of your choosing.
Your required minimum distribution amount is calculated by dividing your tax-deferred retirement account balance as of December 31 of the previous year by your life expectancy factor. Generally, you must start taking distributions no later than April 1 of the year after the year that you turn 72. Your plan may have additional requirements.
How are RMDs calculated? Your required minimum distribution (RMD) amount is calculated by dividing your retirement account balance as of December 31 of the previous year by your life expectancy factor, which you can find in the IRS’s Uniform Lifetime Table in IRS Publication 590-B.
If your spouse is more than 10 years younger than you, and they will be the sole primary beneficiary for the entire distribution calendar year, you may elect to use the IRS's Joint and Last Survivor Table to calculate your RMD. This will result in a smaller RMD than with the Uniform Lifetime Table.
May I take more than my RMD in a given year? You may take more than the required minimum distribution (RMD) amount from your workplace savings plan in a given year, depending on your plan’s withdrawal provisions. If you take more than what’s required, the excess amount will not be applied toward your RMD for any subsequent year. Any amounts above the RMD calculated for you in a given year are eligible to be rolled over.
Do I have to take an RMD if I am still working? If you continue to work beyond age 73 you may be able to delay taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your workplace savings plan until April 1 after the year you retire.
What are my options for tax withholding when I take my RMD? Federal income tax will be withheld from the taxable portion of your distribution in accordance with the IRS periodic wage withholding table and your withholding election form on file. If you have not made withholding elections, then the IRS default withholding option of married and three allowances will be used. State income tax will be withheld from the taxable portion of your distribution in accordance with your state's withholding requirements and your election.
However, if you elect not to have withholding apply to your payments, or if you do not have enough federal and/or state income tax withheld, you may be responsible for payment of estimated taxes. You may incur penalties under the estimated tax rules if your withholding and estimated tax payments are not sufficient.
Please refer to IRS Form W-4P (Withholding Certificate for Pension or Annuity Payments) at irs.gov for further information.
What are my options to receive RMD payments? You can choose from 3 different options for satisfying your RMD each year. These options are:
1. You may request a withdrawal at any time, either in the full amount or a partial amount (if your plan allows) of your total RMD.
2. You may setup a scheduled payment on the recurring basis you prefer, such as, monthly, quarterly, or annually. In this case the withdrawal will be made automatically and distributed to you. The amount will be based upon the number of payments you choose to receive in a year, and the total amount of your RMD for that year, with each payment being a proportion of the total RMD.
3. If you take no action, and your retirement plan is using Fidelity’s automatic RMD payment process, then you will have your total RMD amount withdrawn and paid to you in either November or December of each year.
How will Fidelity send my RMD payment? You are able to have your RMD withdrawal sent to you through a direct payment to a bank account of your choosing (Electronic Funds Transfer, or EFT). Most find the convenience of a direct payment through Fidelity’s electronic payment service their best option. Learn how to get started here. You may also choose to have a check mailed to you.
What happens if I miss taking my RMD in a given year? If you forgot to take your required minimum distribution you may be able to receive a waiver and avoid any penalties by filing IRS Form 5329. Make sure to include an explanation for why you missed the deadline and note that you've since taken your distribution. For more information visit irs.gov.
What are the penalties if I miss a deadline for an RMD? If you do not take a required minimum distribution (RMD) by the annual deadline, it could result in an IRS excise tax equal to 50% of the amount that should have been distributed that year. Income taxes, federal and state (if applicable), will be paid on the taxable amount distributed in the year of distribution.
For example, assume that you are 74 years old, and your RMD for the year is $15,000, but you only withdrew $7,000 by December 31. You will pay income tax on $7,000 that year and potentially be penalized $4,000 [50% IRS excise tax on $8,000 ($15,000 - $7,000)] on the remaining $8,000 that was not distributed. The following year, you will be required to take that year’s RMD amount in addition to the $8,000 that wasn’t distributed in the previous year.